A refractory material is one that retains its strength at high temperatures . ASTM C71 defines refractories as "non-metallic materials having those chemical and physical properties that make them applicable for structures, or as components of systems, that are exposed to environments above 1,000 °F (811 K; 538 °C)". Refractory materials are used in linings for furnaces , kilns , incinerators and reactors . They are also used to make crucibles and moulds for casting glass and metals and for surfacing flame deflector systems for rocket launch structures. Refractory materials Refractory materials must be chemically and physically stable at high temperatures. Depending on the operating environment, they need to be resistant to thermal shock , be chemically inert , and/or have specific ranges of thermal conductivity and of the coefficient of thermal expansion . The ...
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